The production of printed circuit boards (PCBs) relies heavily on the etching and stripping procedures. Particularly for flexible versions, these procedures are essential for specifying the electrical routes on PCBs. Modern electronics cannot function without flexible PCBs because of their versatility and small size.

Surface finishes are essential to the functionality, robustness, and performance of the overall circuit board ( PCB ) assembly. PCBs are given surface finishes to prevent oxidation of exposed copper traces and to create a solderable surface on which components can be assembled.

Printed circuit boards, or PCBs, are essential to almost all contemporary electronic devices because they provide the framework for electrical connectivity and operation. Despite their crucial function, warping is a serious problem that these boards may encounter during production and assembly.

Tombstoning is a common defect that can occur during the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Understanding its causes and effects is crucial for manufacturers and engineers to ensure the quality and reliability of electronic products.

All modern electronics, including industrial machinery and mobile devices, are built around circuit boards. But they are also at risk to an undetectable risk: electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Solder is a fusible metal alloy used to join electronic components to the PCB, forming a strong electrical connection. There are two main types of solder used in electronics manufacturing: lead solder and lead-free solder.

Reverse polarity protection is an essential safety feature in electronic circuits, required to avoid damage caused by the wrong connections of power supply terminals.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) to circuit boards can be generated by various external sources, impacting the performance and reliability of electronic devices. PCB EMI shielding refers to the techniques and methods used to protect printed circuit boards (PCBs) from electromagnetic interference (EMI).